Crime Mapping Case Studies

List of contributors
Preface

PART I DEVELOPING CRIME MAPPING
1. Developing geographical information systems and crime mapping tools in New Zealand (Andy Gilmour and Jill Barclay)
1.1 The starting point
1.2 Developing a web-based GIS solution for New Zealand Police
1.3 Building on the map-based analytical policing system (MAPS)

2. An analytical technique for addressing geographical referencing difficulties and monitoring crimes in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ana Paula Mendes de Miranda and Marcus Ferreira)
2.1 Introduction – developments in crime analysis in Rio de Janeiro
2.2 Analysis by space–time monitoring cells
2.3 Identifying crime patterns using paper maps
2.4 Identifying crime patterns in Rio de Janeiro using GIS and digital cartographic base maps
2.5 Crime analyses on bus routes in Rio de Janeiro
2.6 Conclusions
2.7 References

3. Methods for implementing crime mapping within a large law enforcement agency: experiences from Victoria, Australia (Timothy Mashford)
3.1 Introduction
3.2 A phased plan for development and delivery
3.3 Progress to date
3.4 Crime mapping projects – some examples
3.5 Conclusions
3.6 Reference

4. Automating briefings for police officers (Tom Casady)
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Automating crime mapping outputs in Lincoln Police Department
4.3 Developing the automation of tasks in Lincoln
4.4 Automating crime mapping in your agency

PART II GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATIVE ANALYSIS
5. Geographic profiling analysis: principles, methods and applications (D. Kim Rossmo and Lorie Velarde)
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The theoretical principles behind geographic profiling
5.3 Geographic profiling methodology
5.4 Applying geographic profiling to 'volume' crime: the Irvine Chair burglaries
5.5 Measuring the effects of geographic profiling in Irvine
5.6 References

6. Geographic profiling in an operational setting: the challenges and practical considerations, with reference to a series of sexual assaults in Bath, England (Clare Daniell)
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Applying geographic profiling to a series of indecent assaults in Bath, England
6.3 Offender geography
6.4 Operational versus academic geographic profiling
6.5 Conclusions
6.6 References

7. The Hammer Gang: an exercise in the spatial analysis of an armed robbery series using the probability grid method (Chris Overall and Gregory Day)
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Background
7.3 Mapping the data and getting the picture
7.4 Predicting the next offence location
7.5 Results
7.6 Issues in application of the probability grid method
7.7 Conclusion
7.8 Acknowledgements
7.9 References

8. 'Rolling the Dice': the arrest of Roosevelt Erving in Lincoln, Nebraska (Tom Casady)
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Erving's series of bank robberies
8.3 Analysing Erving's series
8.4 Project 'Rolling the Dice'
8.5 The crucial role of geographical analysis

PART III NEIGHBOURHOOD ANALYSIS
9. The strategic allocation of resources to effectively implement Neighbourhood Policing and the Community Safety Plan (Alice O'Neill)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Alternative resource allocation model
9.3 What were the results, outcome and issues?
9.4 The future
9.5 Reference

10. Priority neighbourhoods and the Vulnerable Localities Index in Wigan – a strategic partnership approach to crime reduction (Ian Bullen)
10.1 Introduction
10.2 An alternative Vulnerable Localities Index
10.3 Vulnerable localities in Wigan
10.4 Using the Vulnerable Localities Index to help understand offending patterns
10.5 Developing the Vulnerable Localities Index to support urban regeneration and Neighbourhood Policing
10.6 Acknowledgement
10.7 References

11. Reducing re-offending in local communities: geographical information system based strategic analysis of Greater Manchester's offenders (David Ottiwell)
11.1 Context and introduction
11.2 Implementation, testing and analysis
11.3 Results, outcomes and issues
11.4 References

PART IV INTEGRATING VISUAL AUDITS AND SURVEY DATA INTO CRIME MAPPING
12. Community Safety Mapping Online System: mapping reassurance using survey data (Steven Rose)
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Community Safety Mapping Online System (COSMOS)
12.3 Measuring reassurance
12.4 Environmental visual audit (EVA)
12.5 Practical use of results
12.6 Evaluation and next steps
12.7 References

13. Mapping the fear of crime – a micro-approach in Merton, London (Chris Williams)
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Process
13.3 Methodology
13.4 Results
13.5 Methodological applications and considerations
13.6 References

14. NightVision – visual auditing of night-time economy related incidents in Bath and North-East Somerset (Jon Poole)
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Project design and implementation
14.3 Methodological considerations
14.4 Findings from the NightVision surveys
14.5 Generating action
14.6 Conclusions
14.7 Reference.

PART V NEW TECHNIQUES
15. The near-repeat burglary phenomenon (Derek Johnson)
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Near repeats in Bournemouth
15.3 A methodology for analysis and action
15.4 Delivering a near-repeat intervention
15.5 The impact
15.6 Conclusions
15.7 References

16. Simulating crime to inform theory and practice (Elizabeth Groff)
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Agent-based modelling
16.3 Creating a theoretically based simulation model to test routine activity theory
16.4 Findings and significance of the research – comparing a simulated environment to the principles of routine activity theory
16.5 Comparing a simulated crime environment to reality
16.6 Implications for practice
16.7 References

17. A crime mapping technique for assessing vulnerable targets for terrorism in local communities (Rachel Boba)
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Assessing target vulnerabilities: two components
17.3 Assessing target vulnerabilities: a hypothetical case study
17.4 Considerations
17.5 References

18. Interactive Offender Profiling System (IOPS) (David Canter and Donna Youngs)
18.1 Introduction
18.2 An integrated operational system
18.3 The potential of the interactive offender profiling system
18.4 Acknowledgement
18.5 References

Index